Global Tokenization Policy: How 25 Countries Are Shaping Digital Asset Law
The race to write the rules of tokenization has produced 25 different legislative answers to the same fundamental questions. Here is the comprehensive map.
MiCA: Legislative History and Global Impact
How the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation was conceived, debated, amended, and enacted — and why it became the world's benchmark for digital asset law.
The Political Economy of Tokenization: Lobbying, Power, and Who Writes the Rules
Why tokenization regulation looks the way it does — the interests, coalitions, institutional dynamics, and political forces that shape digital asset law.
US Tokenization Legislation: Every Bill, Every Hearing, Every Vote
The complete guide to US digital asset legislation — from the GENIUS Act to CLARITY, from SEC enforcement to the CFTC's expanding role, and the political forces that shaped each outcome.
A16z and the Crypto Policy Hub: Venture Capital's Capture of Digital Asset Regulation
Andreessen Horowitz's crypto fund and Washington DC policy hub have placed executives at the White House, CFTC, and OPM under the Trump administration — raising unprecedented questions about venture capital's influence on the regulation of its own portfolio companies.
Abu Dhabi's ADGM: The First Comprehensive Digital Asset Framework in the Gulf
The Abu Dhabi Global Market's Financial Services Regulatory Authority established the Gulf's first comprehensive digital asset regulation in 2018 — ahead of most developed markets — creating a securities-style framework for crypto assets.
Adam Smith Institute: Market-Liberal Crypto Policy from London
The Adam Smith Institute brings classical liberal economics to UK crypto policy — advocating for light-touch regulation, opposing UK CBDC, and positioning the UK as a global crypto innovation hub.
Agustin Carstens: The BIS General Manager Who Called Crypto 'A Ponzi Scheme' — and Built CBDC Infrastructure
BIS General Manager Agustin Carstens has been the most vocal senior central banker calling out crypto's fundamental flaws — while simultaneously running the world's most active institutional CBDC research and experimentation programme.
AMF (Autorité des Marchés Financiers — France)
AMF's PSAN regime for crypto asset service providers, the transition to MiCA CASP licensing, and France's active role in EU regulatory development.
AML/KYC for Crypto-Asset Service Providers
Anti-money laundering and know-your-customer requirements that apply to crypto exchanges, custodians, and other virtual asset service providers under FATF standards and national law.
| Jurisdiction | Key Framework | Status | Lead Regulator | Policy Stance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | GENIUS Act / CLARITY Act | Advancing | SEC / CFTC | Pro-innovation (2025) |
| European Union | MiCA | Live | ESMA / NCAs | Comprehensive rules |
| United Kingdom | FSMA / FCA Rules | Oct 2027 | FCA / HM Treasury | Principles-based |
| Switzerland | DLT Act / FINMA | Live | FINMA | Permissive innovation |
| UAE (Dubai) | VARA Framework | Live | VARA / ADGM | Hub competition |
| Hong Kong | ASPIRe / VATP | Live | SFC / HKMA | Institutional hub |