Crypto
AMF (Autorité des Marchés Financiers — France)
AMF's PSAN regime for crypto asset service providers, the transition to MiCA CASP licensing, and France's active role in EU regulatory development.
Basel III Crypto-Asset Exposure Rules
The Basel Committee's December 2022 crypto capital standards, covering Group 1 tokenized assets, Group 2 speculative crypto with 1250% risk weight, and implementation across G20 bank supervisors.
Crypto Enforcement Action Tracker
Tracking major regulatory enforcement actions against digital asset firms — SEC, CFTC, OFAC, FCA, ESMA, and international authorities.
FINMA (Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority)
FINMA's principles-based approach to crypto regulation, including its 2018 ICO guidelines, three-category token classification, and DLT Act implementation.
IOSCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions)
IOSCO's 2023 crypto and DeFi policy recommendations, coordination with FSB and FATF, and how IOSCO guidance translates into national securities regulator action.
OECD CARF (Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework)
The OECD's Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework adapts the Common Reporting Standard to crypto, requiring 75+ jurisdictions to exchange data on crypto holdings and transactions from June 2027.
SFC (Securities and Futures Commission — Hong Kong)
SFC's mandatory VATP licensing regime, the JPEX enforcement incident, the ASPIRe Roadmap's five pillars, and SFC's coordination with HKMA and HKEX.
Systemic Risk and Crypto: From 2022 Contagion to FSB Frameworks
The 2022 crypto market collapse — $2 trillion in losses, Terra/Luna, Celsius, Three Arrows Capital, FTX — demonstrated crypto's systemic risk potential. The policy response has been the FSB's high-level recommendations and MiCA's stablecoin provisions.