FCA
Adam Smith Institute: Market-Liberal Crypto Policy from London
The Adam Smith Institute brings classical liberal economics to UK crypto policy — advocating for light-touch regulation, opposing UK CBDC, and positioning the UK as a global crypto innovation hub.
Do Regulatory Sandboxes Work? The Evidence from 50 Jurisdictions
Regulatory sandboxes — temporary exemptions from normal rules for innovative financial services — have been adopted in 50+ jurisdictions since the UK FCA pioneered the concept in 2016. The evidence on their effectiveness is mixed and instructive.
FCA (Financial Conduct Authority — UK)
The FCA's evolving crypto jurisdiction from the 2020 AML registration regime through FSMA 2023 to the full conduct regulatory go-live in October 2027.
FSMA 2023 (Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 — UK)
The UK's primary post-Brexit financial regulatory framework, extending regulated activity status to cryptoasset businesses, establishing FCA authorization requirements, and setting an October 2027 go-live date for the full regime.
HM Treasury's Crypto Consultations: How UK Policy Was Made Iteratively
From the 2021 stablecoin consultation to the 2023 broader crypto regulatory regime, HM Treasury used public consultation to build UK digital asset policy step by step — a different legislative model from the EU's comprehensive approach.
Nikhil Rathi: The FCA CEO Building the UK's Post-Brexit Crypto Framework
FCA CEO Nikhil Rathi has led the UK's crypto regulatory framework development — from financial promotion rules to the comprehensive FSMA-based regime — while navigating post-Brexit regulatory divergence choices and international coordination.
Open Regulatory Consultations Tracker
Tracking open and recently closed regulatory consultations on digital assets and tokenization — opportunities to shape policy before rules are finalized.
Principles-Based Regulation
A regulatory approach that specifies desired outcomes rather than prescriptive rules, giving regulated firms flexibility in how they achieve compliance objectives.
Public Consultation in Crypto Regulation
The formal processes by which regulators invite public input on proposed crypto regulations, and the dynamics that determine whose voices are heard and how that shapes outcomes.
Regulatory Sandbox
Controlled testing environments where firms can operate under relaxed regulatory requirements to pilot innovative products and services under regulatory oversight.
UK Financial Services and Markets Act 2023: Bringing Crypto Into the Regulatory Perimeter
The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 empowered HM Treasury and the FCA to regulate cryptoassets as a new regulated activity — creating the UK's pathway to a comprehensive crypto regulatory framework.
UK Stablecoin Regulation: A Principles-Based Approach to Payment Assets
The United Kingdom's stablecoin regulatory framework, developed through HM Treasury consultations and FCA rules, takes a principles-based approach that differs significantly from both MiCA and the US GENIUS Act.
UK vs EU Post-Brexit: Has Britain's Regulatory Freedom Benefited Crypto?
Brexit gave the UK the freedom to diverge from EU crypto regulation. Seven years on, the UK has mostly chosen not to — while taking longer to implement comprehensive rules. This benchmark asks: did regulatory freedom help or hurt the UK's crypto position?
United Kingdom: Post-Brexit Principles-Based Crypto Regulation
The UK's digital asset policy — Financial Services and Markets Act, FCA crypto rules, stablecoin regime, Law Commission reforms, and the UK's opportunity to diverge from MiCA.