Surveillance
Financial Inclusion or Surveillance? The CBDC Dilemma
CBDCs promise to reach 1.4 billion unbanked people globally, but programmable central bank money carries unprecedented surveillance and control capabilities. The tension at the heart of digital currency policy.
Privacy vs. Surveillance: The Central Design Battle in CBDC Policy
The most consequential debate in CBDC policy is not technical — it's political. How much transaction privacy should citizens retain when their money is digital and government-issued? The answer defines the nature of state power in a digital economy.